Actin Antibody Now in Imgenex

Actin Antibody Now in Imgenex:

Actin is an all-embracing protein that forms filaments which are major cytoskeleton components. It's the monomeric subunit of microfilaments, one of the three major cytoskeleton components, and thin filaments that form a component of contractile muscle cell devices. In a typical eukaryotic cell, it is the most abundant protein, which makes up about 15% of some cell types. The protein is highly preserved and together with an enormous amount of actin-binding proteins forms a wide variety of structures in the cells. 

The filaments of Actin interact with myosin to cause a sliding effect that is the basis of the muscle contraction and many aspects, including cytokinesis, of cell motility. Actin is known as globular actin (G-actin) in individual subunits, which is assembled into long filamentous polymers called F-actin. Two parallel F-actin strands twist in a helical formation, leading to cytoskeleton microfilaments.

 Microfilaments measure 7 nm with a helix loop that repeats each 37 nm in diameter. Each protomer has an ATP molecule and a high-affinity site for calcium, magnesium, and various sites with low affinity. It exists as a monomer at a low salt level, but with the consequent hydrolysis of ATP, filaments form quickly as salt levels increase. Actin forms a narrow complex from many sources, although its significance is still unknown, with deoxyribonuclease (DNase I). 

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This complex is formed which results in DNase I being inhibited and actin loses its polymerization ability. ATPase domain of the actin is shown to have similarity to hexokinase and hsp70 protein domains in the ATPase domain. 

Three groups of actin isoforms exist in vertebrates: alpha, beta, and gamma. In muscular tissues, alpha actins are found and are a major component of the contractile device. Beta and gamma actins coexist as cytoskeleton components and as mediators of cell motility for the majority of cell types. MreB has high structural homology to his eucaryotic compared to actin, a major component of the bacterial cytoskeleton. In other words, members of the Rho family of little guanosine triphosphatases have emerged as key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and ensure coordinated control of other cells such as gene transcription and adhesion through their interaction with multiple target proteins.

Application:

1. Isoforms Actin. 1993 Feb;5(1):48-56. Curr Opin Cell Biol. Sister IM

2. MreB's assembly, a prokaryotic actin homologue. A Prokaryotic Actin's Assembly of MreB. 2005 Jan 28;280(4):2628-35. J Biol Chem. 2005. Epub 2004 16 November 2004

3. The Actin Cytoskeleton Science and Rho GTPases 23 January 1998:

Alan Hall Vol. 279, no. 5350, pp. 509 – 514

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